IONIZING RADIATION TECHNOLOGIES

Science has studied the effects of using ionizing radiation technologies on materials, substances and products of various compositions. These effects make it possible to widely use ionizing radiation - accelerated electrons and X-rays - in a wide range of works.
technologies

Doses of radiation and types of processing for various substances, materials and products
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PRE-SOWING TREATMENT
1-50 Gy
Electron accelerator generates X-rays which penetrate the seed through and accelerate its hereditary development program, destroys pathogens and fungi.
The effect of stimulation can be preserved during the entire ontogenesis, therefore, the growth and development of plants is accelerated, which ultimately leads to an increase in yield.
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FOOD IRRADIATION. PHYTOSANITARY TREATMENT
100Gy - 30 kGy
Food irradiation has a number of results, such as sprouting inhibition, slower ripening, it stops activity of insects, their larvae and all types of pathogens. This ensures food safety and increases its shelf life. Even low doses (less than 1 kGy) lead to a drastic reduction in the number of bacteria. It reduces the number of pathogenic microorganisms, such as rhizoctonia, phoma, and wide spread phytopathogens affecting agricultural produce and causing the following diseases: mycosis, phomosis, moulds, phytophthora, bacteriosis, etc. Ionizing radiation treatment removes parasites and salmonella.

International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) has the following terminology accepted for food irradiation:

1. Radisidation (4-6 kGy), - radiation treatment for the purpose of selective elimination of a particular microorganism (for example, salmonella, trichinella, etc.).

2. Radurization (6-10 kGy) is the radiation treatment of food products in order to increase shelf life, where the dose delivered leads to elimination of pathogens.

3. Radapertization (10-50 kGy). Indicated for industrial sterilization of food products that lead to full & complete elimination of pathogens and exclude repeat contamination.
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STERILIZATION OF MEDICAL DEVICES, FOOD PACKAGING, COSMETICS, etc.
25 - 45 kGy
Electron accelerators use high energy of electrons and X-Rays as a method of sterilization. Electron accelerator generates and accelerates electrons that pass through materials and products, inducing breaks in the DNA of pathogens, and thus sterilizing the materials.
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HIGH STRENGTH POLYMERS & HEAT SHRINK MATERIALS PRODUCTION
30 - 500 kGy (surface adhesion - up to 200 kGy)
Ionizing irradiation of polymers causes changes in the chemical structure, which lead to changes in the mechanical and physical properties of irradiated high-molecular compounds.

Polymer crosslinking with ionizing radiation is called radiation crosslinking.

When polymers are irradiated, hydrogen is released along with a simultaneous process of carbon bonds joining. As a result of the hydrogen atom abstraction from methylene group, double bonds and cross-bridging bonds are formed.

During the adhesion process, the material is placed in an environment of special gases.
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ELECTRON BEAM FLUE GAS TREATMENT
100-500 Gy
The process of cleaning gases from compounds containing elements harmful to humans occurs due to a double reaction in the zone of exposure to ionizing radiation. When exposed to ionizing radiation, some chemical bonds are broken into free radicals and combined with other chemical elements to form new chemicals that are easily absorbed and released from the gas stream.

The chemical element of sulfur and nitrogen in the field of ionizing radiation combines with the free radical of ammonia. The chemical compounds formed are further widely used as nitrogen and sulfur-containing mineral fertilizers, which are applied to the soil to increase productivity.
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IRRADIATION OF OTHER SUBSTANCES AND MATERIALS
500 kGy +
Destruction, changing properties of materials, semiconductors production
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